Online Research Paper Writing Help

<h1>Online Research Paper Writing Help</h1><p>When it comes to online research paper composing help, you can either attempt to do it without anyone's help or you can connect with an expert composing administration. Something that individuals will in general find problematic about online research paper composing help is that they need to complete it how they are not comfortable with.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous advantages to looking for proficient assistance when composing your examination paper. You can have confidence that you will get the best assistance since they have inquired about your theme and have experienced this previously. This implies they comprehend what works and what doesn't work with regards to writing.</p><p></p><p>One of the points of interest to utilizing an online research paper composing help administration is that they will compose the paper for you and won't expect you to do any exploration all alone. Truth be told, you will for the most part have the option to sign into your record and alter your examination as indicated by your necessities. For instance, on the off chance that you might want to get more data on one subject, at that point you will have the chance to include more information.</p><p></p><p>Another favorable position to the online research paper composing help administration is that they are probably going to discover much more about your theme than you do. In the event that you are not knowledgeable in the point and don't have a great deal of information about it, at that point you may run into inconvenience attempting to achieve your objectives. At the point when you utilize an assistance that has involvement in the subject, at that point you can be guaranteed that you will complete your paper precisely how you need it to be.</p><p></p><p>The online research paper composing help that you get will likewise be custom fitted to the organization that you need it to be in. While you may have the option to pull off finding support from a decent author who isn't generally that acquainted with the theme, on the off chance that you need your examination paper to be genuinely proficient, at that point you need an assistance that can do this for you.</p><p></p><p>With that being stated, you can have confidence that online research paper composing help won't remove the entirety of the pressure from your composition. Undoubtedly, you will be given models and tips about how to make your paper stream and what is fitting in the method for style. By permitting another person to do the entirety of the work for you, you won't be stuck behind a PC screen attempting to get your paper together, yet rather you will be allowed the chance to take it easy while you are landing the position done.</p><p></p><p>Finally, online research paper composing help adminis trations are going to give you data that is pertinent to your paper. For instance, you may require help on discovering specific sites, an exploration paper author will realize how to get those just as data about the sites that might be applicable to your subject. Having an expert who is knowledgeable in the point is going to spare you a great deal of time and disappointment with regards to look into paper writing.</p><p></p><p>Overall, online research paper composing help is an important assistance that can spare you a ton of time and inconvenience simultaneously. You will likewise have the option to get an expert help that isn't just acceptable at what they do, but at the same time will be in line with your necessities and needs for your writing.</p>

How to Write a College Essay

How to Write a College EssayIf you are looking for the right answer to this question, then you have probably already looked into how to write a college essay. However, as most of you know, it is not an easy task, because you need to write something which can grab the attention of your reader and make them read on.Because writing is not something that you do just to get by every day, but to impress the judges, you need to do a great job in order to make the final score. That is why you must be able to follow this short guide how to write a college essay. Just take a look at the below mentioned tips.Be aware of your writing skills. It is very important that you have a good command of the English language. If you are writing in a hurry, your writing style will tend to slip. If you want to get into college, you must be able to write a brilliant and creative essay which will grab the attention of the judges.Know your subject matter well. Most students do not bother to do this, but it is i mportant to know what your topics are, and what kind of arguments you will use to make your point. If you are going to write in this field, you must know about the history of your topic, and its situation today.There are those subjects which needs a lot of time and effort to write about, while others can be written fast. To write fast, you must know what your topic needs. Knowing the requirement of your topic will help you determine how long it will take you to write your essay. If you need some time to research about your topic, you can tell yourself that you will still get a good grade if you are able to deliver the topic in time.Every topic has a requirement of the kind of argument that it needs. When it comes to writing a college essay, you need to make sure that you know about all the requirements of your topic, and know what to write to address these requirements. This is how to write a college essay.The main reason why a student would choose to study in this field is to learn something new. You must therefore know everything about the subject that you are writing on. This is how to write a college essay which will grab the attention of the judges.Writing an essay in college requires lots of hard work and discipline. If you want to study in this field, you must work hard in this field. If you are able to write a high quality college essay, you will have an advantage over other students who do not know how to write a college essay.

Archaeology Essay Topics

Archaeology Essay TopicsIt is important to choose essay topics that are not specific to your subject of expertise, but in fact represent the topic of archaeology as a whole. Archaeology has grown from being an academic discipline into one of the hottest topics in the society. It has caught the attention of people who are interested in different fields and is at the same time a useful field to study. Archaeology provides many tools for our daily life, so it is very necessary to have a thorough knowledge about this field of study.Writing on the subject of archaeology is fun since you can focus your attention on some interesting facts, which are already within your own knowledge. So, when writing the essay you must focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the subject. You should present these facts in such a way that they do not restrict the scope of your essay. Archaeology is about the past. Your research should not only be about the present but about the history and also the techn iques that are used.There are many different topics that you can choose for your essay. They include ancient civilizations, settlements, tombs, burial rites, culture, pottery and artefacts, preservation of sites, rock art, tombs, bones and soil. All these topics give different perspectives to the topic. Different combinations of topics would give you new insights to the subject. Therefore, it is important to present these essays in the correct manner so that it will reflect your knowledge on the topic. Archeology has been around for thousands of years and there is no dearth of information about the subject today.Archaeology essay topics are available in several newspapers and magazines. You can search for them online. You may have to pay some small amount for the topic but this would not be much compared to the amount that you would spend on writing it. When you start writing the essay, you will find that the topic does not limit you and that you can discuss in detail about differen t aspects of the subject. The assignment paper should be of a high standard and should be interesting.When selecting the topic for your assignment you should concentrate on the main issue of the topic. You should not only write about the issues that you know, but also about issues that you do not. If you know about the existence of a certain site, but you have not visited it, you can discuss it in the essay. You can write about your research on the subject and present your findings in the essay. You can discuss any topic that is related to the subject in the essay.There are few things that you should keep in mind while choosing essay topics for your archaeology assignments. First of all you should choose subjects that are interesting and worthy. You should also find a topic that is both general and specific. There are many different subjects of archaeology and you should choose a topic which is practical and comprehensive. Remember that your topic should give you enough information for the research that you have done. So you should choose a topic which has enough information to fulfill your research.You should choose a topic that is not too general and not too specific. You should also make sure that the topic is interesting and appealing to the readers. Archaeology essay topics can be used for the first year or second year level of the courses and it is compulsory to write such essays.

The Insurance Companies and the Crisis Free Essays

In developed countries the size of the insurance market is about eight to twelve percent of the GDP. In the United States the assets managed by the insurance sector are higher than the assets of the banking sector. This is one of the most important pillar of the economy and financial system. We will write a custom essay sample on The Insurance Companies and the Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the macroeconomic point of view, level of insurance increases the financial stability of the economy, reduce uncertainty by enabling effective risk management, and support economic activity and stimulate savings and investment.Insurance sector will also increase the efficiency of the entire financial sector by reducing transaction costs, creating liquidity and economies of scale. A modern, well-functioning insurance sector is essential for achieving sustainable economic growth. With the advent of the global financial crisis, the economy is experiencing a very hard time. The insurance industry as well did not avoid the problems. Lack of access to deposited funds in the banks, insurance premium reduction or increase in number of claims, forced the insurance companies to a very difficult challenge – how to carry out current activities and pay due compensation?Many insurers began to lose its liquidity. Insurance industry as one of the few propped the financial crisis at the beginning. Insurers constantly were expanding their offer – not only just for individuals but also for business companies, and were continuing decreasing the prices for life insurance. However, it does not apply to all types of the services provided by insurance companies to entrepreneurs. Finally end of 2007 and 2008 have been rich in events associated with insurance sector.Fall in the stock market, the limitations and difficulties in accessing foreign funding, weakening the financial situation of enterprises caused rapid deterioration of the global economy and have had an impact on the financial performance of the insurance sector. Any disturbances in the banking sector directly affected the financial results of the insurers. Insurance companies seek to ensure that activities are safe, profitable, and enable timely payment of obligations.Insurers do not give up the cash investments into shares quoted on a regulated market, which can provide significantly higher returns than investments into safe securities. On the background of European insurers’ investment exposure in 2007 and 2008 can be generalized that the most important source of losses for the insurers have proved their investments in debt securities CDOs SPV securitization companies, which face insolve ncy. These companies has completely lost its value and the guarantee of the solvency. After the collapse of SPV companies, liabilities took over the insurance sector.The situation of the insurance sector in 2008 were gradually deteriorating as well as the solvency ratios of individual insurance company. As an example of big problems on insurance market during crisis I would like to use IG case. The rapid fall in the share price and unsatisfactory liquidity led to lower ratings of AIG by the four major rating agencies including Standard amp; Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service. Standard amp; Poor’s lowered scores for two levels because of less flexibility in raising funds for additional collateral for the loans, and concerns about the growing losses.Similarly, preserved Moody agency, which downgraded AIG for 2 degrees as well. It is clear that the company has liquidity problems. In the first three quarters of 2008, AIG Group lost 18. 5 billion of dollars. Poor results and poor ratings of AIG could cause problems to raise the capital needed to rescue the company. The company asked Central Bank for help. Finally, the government and the Fed did not committed to the downfall of a company in which millions of Americans are insured and agreed to give to AIG financial assistance.The transaction for a two-year revolving credit for 85 billion dollars to ensure the liquidity of the AIG company in exchange for a nearly 80 percent. shares has been approved in September 2008. In case of problems with the implementation of the obligations of the insurer, a domino effect could embrace the whole world, AIG bankruptcy would affect banks and investment funds, which are the main holders of debt securities. In addition, AIG was a major seller of credit default swaps. Bankruptcy of the AIG could force financial institutions in the USA, Europe and Asia (that bought these swaps) to accounting losses.Fed’s decision made was based on the law given to it by the passed bill about the Federal Reserve. It allows the central bank to lend money to companies outside the banking sector under unusual and urgent circumstances. In the agreement, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson forced resignation of current AIG President Robert Willumstada, which was replaced by Edward Libby. In case of Poland, Insurance market were rapidly growing for few years before the crisis. The history of life insurance in Poland cover a period of about 130 years.The development of life insurance in the first place was associated with an increase in wealth of the society. With the increase in GDP, which is a key determinant of economic status of the country, increased the expenditure on life insurance. In Polish conditions the development of insurance occurred in the nineteenth century. The first Polish insurance company was established in the Austrian partition and it was a Krakow Mutual Insurance Society founded in 1868 in Krakow ( as the name suggests), which a year later began conducting life insurance business.It functioned on principles similar to today’s mutual insurance companies. In Poland we could observe the dynamic growth on the insurance market during last years, both in terms of the companies range of products offered and collected contributions. Privatization, further market openings, the adjustment process of the integration with the European Union, and above all the impact of the launched in 1999 pension reform, the insurance sector are making one of the most promising sectors of the Polish economy.During recent crisis in Poland for example, were noted some main decision-making direction changes in investment policy insurance: * Repeat â€Å"opening up† of Life Insurance Companies to invest funds in real estate. * Abandonment invest their assets in investment certificates other than in the open and closed funds * Disposal of all bonds of the institutions belonging to countries outside the European Union (For Life Insurance Companies). In the current crisis in financial markets, insurance sales, as well as other products and services, has become much more difficult than before.Customers are afraid to invest in financial products and very carefully take the decision of purchasing. There is growing consensus that this crisis will survive only the best sellers. The best sellers are those who see long-term benefits of building and maintaining lasting relationships between insurer and customer. Such a relationship should be based primarily on mutual trust and benefit for both parties. It is crucial to continuously monitor changes in customer needs and proposing solutions to it, which will bring real benefits to it.The today’s internal problem of insurance companies is that insurance companies reward their brokers primarily for acquiring new customers. In life insurance commissions for the following years of the contract are much lower than thus for the first year. This is obviously the most reasonable in today’s market situation, but the other side is that such system makes that the agent is much more absorbed in gaining new customers and does not think about them in the category of long-term relationships. This carries a risk of decline in the quality of sales and customer satisfaction.Another issue is the differences in the rates of commission between the products. If the agent is concentrated primarily in the fact to sell a particular product, which has a better profit, it is likely that the actual identification of customer needs in this area is not a priority for him. Usually it will try to persuade the customer to buy through the pressure and the use of different types of manipulation. But do not forget that the customer who bought life insurance, trust bestowed on both the agent and the company and the contracts are renewable every year. The customer is also a source of new contacts.The customer is more satisfied with the purchase and maintenance, including a greater number of friends to recommend an agent and company. An interesting issue in my opinion is that in Poland close to thirteen thousand of entrepreneurs in the 2008 has opted to temporarily withdraw from the movement of the vehicle. * ‘For many of us is the only chance of surviving the crisis’ – explains Jan Kazulski, Wroclaw Transport Association The governm ent not only allowed to the use of temporary de-registration of the car on a larger scale, but released from the obligation to pay by this time a full OC. This is the way how they are trying to deal with the crisis. At the adopted amendments will lose more probably insurance companies. Government explains that option of a refund of contributions for the period in which the vehicle is temporarily withdrawn from service, is already operating in several countries in Europe. The insurance sector in the economy plays a very important role, apart from this obvious, that is protective, contributes to the accumulation of capital in the economy. Accumulation of capital in most concerns life insurance.In case of Poland, despite the current financial crisis, the insurance market in Poland will grow. The pace of growth will be slower than in the past years, and customer requirements in terms of quality sales and after-sales services will increase considerably. Summing up, the financial crisis had a significant impact on insurers. For example the insurance on Polish market has declined for about 22. 33 percent. Its value has declined by almost 9 billion zlotys – from 39 billion zlotys in 2008 to slightly over 30 billion zlotys at the end of 2009.The record level of disbursements included both property insurance and life insurance policies.Bibliography: * Gazeta Ubezpieczeniowa (Articles from Jan and Feb 2009) * Gazeta Wyborcza ‘Rekordowa strata AIG’, ToP, AFP, 2009-03-02 * http://www. quotes-r-us. org/home-insurance/current-financial-crisis-and-insurance-companies * http://articles. latimes. com/2009/mar/30/nation/na-aig30 * Yahoo! Finance, as of October 23, 2008. * Robert P. Hartwig, Ph. D. , Insurance Information Institute, â€Å"2008—First Half Results,† September 30, 2008. How to cite The Insurance Companies and the Crisis, Papers

Math 320 Essays - Addition, Elementary Arithmetic,

Math 320 1. Brief Summary. The authors of article Instead of Teaching Missing Addends state their purpose is to present evidence showing that if children's numerical reasoning is strong, then formal instruction of missing addends is unnecessary (Kamii 458). The article presents a Paiget constructivist point of view which is instruction in missing addends problem is no longer necessary when children master reversibility of thought development. 2. Personal Reaction. This article was really very interesting to me in the fact that educators and parents alike are always eager to teach children even when they may not always have the ability to comprehend what we are trying to teach them. The study done for this article demonstrates that at times we are better served to wait until the child has more mental maturity when attempting to teach about missing addends. If fact, based solely upon the information given in this article we may not need to teach them at all. If the children are given the chance to develop thought reversibility then teaching missing addends becomes obsolete. What we should be concentrating upon is teaching skills that will help the children develop these thought processes. 3. Use Of The Ideas Suggested In The Article In A Specific Grade Level In The Elementary School. One of the main ideas suggested in the article were a number of mathematical games that encourage thought reversibility and as such eliminate the need for formal instruction in missing addends. These games were presented for 1st and 2nd grade and included piggy bank where the object of the game was to make a total of five cents using two cards. Also mentioned was a variation of the old television game show Concentration that required students to flip over cards to make a specific total thereby using memory and thought reversibility skills in conjunction. I was very intrigued with the numerical games mentioned and as I plan to teach 1st to 3rd grade I will find them very useful in the future. Mathematics

Growing Stronger Toegether â€By Author Collective Triskele Books

Growing Stronger Toegether –By Author Collective Triskele Books Growing Stronger Together An interview with Author Collective Triskele Books Looking at groups like the  Alliance of Independent Authors really makes me pause for thought. 10 years ago, people might have said that being an author was a solitary profession. Now, it might very well be one of the most social ones, especially if you’re an ‘indie.’And I believe this is what everyone loves about author publishing: all the actors involved, especially the authors, are positive, energetic people. And they all share common issues, questions and worries. So quite naturally, they get together and discuss them. This is the premise on which author collectives are born.Today, we interview JJ Marsh and the fellow members of Triskele Books, one of the leading author collectives in the UK, to learn how independent authors can grow stronger together.How do you work together as a collective? Is Triskele an umbrella for the work you each produce independently, or do you collaborate on projects?Both, but mostly the former. We’re a team of self-publishe d writers who work like a small publisher. To date, we’ve published eighteen novels. Although we write in different genres, we all offer editorial advice; consult on cover design, blurb and puff quotes; market on a shared platform; organise events and take responsibility for raising our profile. What US collective Five Directions Press calls â€Å"sweat equity†.How did you get together? What was the genesis of the collective? How long have you been working together?We graduated through a series of online critique sites and finally found a home on a site where people took their writing seriously. A collective seemed the ideal ‘third way’ between trad publishing and going indie. Keeping to the highest standards, but maintaining full creative control.In December 2011, three of us met in London and hammered out an ethos. Four years later, much has changed but the ethos remains the same:High-quality writingProfessional presentationA strong sense of placeHow do you guys communicate? Do you meet in person frequently? Do you talk online?Based in three countries, we only get together two or three times a year. That’s when we talk strategy. For daily business, we use email or our private Facebook page. Complex discussions or differences of opinion are usually resolved via Skype.What is, in your opinion, the #1 skill that you bring to the collective (if there is one that stands out)?Gillian Hamer: The main skills I bring are organisation and reliability. I’m the financial guru of the gang so I’d hope trust is a pretty big asset too.JJ Marsh: I’m the strategist. Forever hassling the others with â€Å"I’ve had an idea!†Liza Perrat:  Compiling and keeping updated book reviewers’ list, being the Goodreads guru and connecting with collectives.JD Smith: It is definitely my skills as a graphic designer working on covers, formatting, website, marketing materials and the overall brand look.Catriona Trot h: I think my instinct is to be a community builder. I love making connections with other writers and finding ways of collaborating, as with the Indie Author Fair (see picture below). I have a passionate sense we’re stronger working together. In the long run, that’s how we’ll break down traditional barriers. What makes Triskele work so well, in your opinion? The fact that you all have different skills? Or that you write in different genres? Or that there’s a true friendship between the five of you?The professional approach. Yes, the skills balance, the breadth of genres and the genuine friendship are crucial factors, but we approached this as a serious business. Triskele Books is NOT a hobby.If you had to pick one, what is the best thing about being in a collective with other writers?Catriona Troth: You are not a lone voice. Not only is it a lot easier to get noticed as part of a group, but you feel less like a snake oil salesman promoting someone else’s work than constantly bigging up your own.Gillian Hamer: SUPPORT.   And under that umbrella - editorial, advisory, monetary, workload support. Perhaps most importantly, friendship.JJ Marsh: People who, via encouragement and example, make me work harder.JD Smith: Mutual support, both in terms of having other people to bounc e your work off and also share all the disappointments and achievements.Liza Perrat:   Sharing a glass of wine, er†¦ sharing all the different tasks related to publishing and marketing a book.And of course, what’s difficult about it?Gillian Hamer: Communication. Under that would fall sub headings of quantity issues and quality time we get to spend together. We’ve never had a problem we failed to sort out, but distance and difference can add extra stress. For me, the benefits outweigh any negatives, many times over.Liza Perrat: Trying to participate as much as possible, so as not let the team down, whilst juggling everything else in life.JD Smith: Not so much agreeing with one another but the vast amount of communication that inevitably occurs when things have to be approved or given the thumbs-up.Catriona Troth: Apart from the workload, which can sometimes feel overwhelming, you do give up a certain amount of freedom. You can never say, stuff that, I’m go ing to do it my way. Every decision ultimately has to be subject to the agreement of the rest of the team. There’s power in that, but constriction too.JJ Marsh: The constant yet necessary evaluations as to whether we’re still on the right track. You’ve expanded the group I think once since you started - what brought this on? Do you want to keep expanding or do you worry you might lose yourselves in doing so?One of our key aims is to support and develop writers – it’s how we grew. However, we need to balance the time and effort that goes into that process. So until 2016, we’re not expanding at all. We’re exploring potential collaborations and alternative ventures but sticking to our ethos, which means pouring all our energies into our own writing and trying to raise the bar.Are there any other collectives out there that you think are worth mentioning? Are you looking into partnering with some of them for cross-promotion, or to create a collective of collectives?Lots! We make a point of seeking other collectives and discovering how they do it. We interview them on our blog. We’ve built relationships with several and now you mention it, a collective of collectives is a terrific idea. Wa tch this space†¦Do you have any plans for 2015? Tell us about them!Connecting with readers – three new releases due out next year. Marketing opportunities - new formats, translations and a short story collection. Building relationships with writers via ventures such as IAF#15. Strategic alliances based on location. Getting sponsored by a Prosecco manufacturer.But top of the list is writing.We formed Triskele with one aim in mind: to become better writers.What do you think about author collectives? Can Indie authors grow stronger if they get together and share resources? Do share your opinion in the comments below!Follow Triskele Books on Twitter and Facebook

Frankenstein Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices

Frankenstein Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is a 19th-century epistolary novel associated with both the Romantic and the Gothic genres. The novel, which follows a scientist named Frankenstein and the horrifying creature he creates, explores the pursuit of knowledge and its consequences, as well as the human desire for connection and community. Shelley depicts these themes against the backdrop of a sublime natural world and reinforces them using symbolism. Pursuit of Knowledge Shelley wrote Frankenstein in the midst of the Industrial Revolution, when major breakthroughs in technology were transforming society. One of the central themes in the novel- man’s pursuit of knowledge and scientific discovery- explores the subsequent anxieties of this period. Frankenstein is obsessed with uncovering the secrets of life and death with ruthless ambition; he disregards his family and ignores all affection as he pursues his studies. His academic trajectory in the novel seems to mirror mankind’s scientific history, as Frankenstein begins with the medieval philosophies of alchemy, then moves on to the modern practices of chemistry and mathematics at university. Frankensteins efforts lead him to discover of the cause of life, but the fruit of his pursuit is not positive. Rather, his creation only brings sadness, misfortune, and death. The creature Frankenstein produces is an embodiment of man’s scientific enlightenment: not beautiful, as Frankenstein thought he would be, but vulgar and horrifying. Frankenstein is filled with disgust at his creation and falls sick for months as a result. Catastrophe surrounds the creature, who directly kills Frankenstein’s brother William, his wife Elizabeth, and his friend Clerval, and indirectly ends the life of Justine. In his search for the root of human life, Frankenstein created a deformed simulacrum of man, privy to all the usual human degradations. With the disastrous consequences of Frankenstein’s achievement, Shelley seems to raise the question: does merciless pursuit of knowledge ultimately cause more harm than good to humankind? Frankenstein presents his story to Captain Walton as a warning for others who wish, like he did, to be greater than nature intended. His story illustrates the downfall caused by human hubris. At the end of the novel, Captain Walton appears to heed to the lesson in Frankenstein’s story, as he calls off his dangerous exploration to the North Pole. He turns away from the possible glory of scientific discovery in order to save his own life, as well as the lives of his crewmen. Importance of Family In opposition to the pursuit of knowledge is the pursuit of love, community, and family. This theme is most clearly expressed through the creature, whose singular motivation is to seek human compassion and companionship. Frankenstein isolates himself, puts aside his family, and ultimately loses those dearest to him, all for his scientific ambition. The creature, on the other hand, wants precisely what Frankenstein has turned away. He especially wishes to be embraced by the De Lacey family, but his monstrous physique bars him from acceptance. He confronts Frankenstein to ask for a female companion, but is betrayed and cast away. It is this isolation that drives the creature to seek revenge and kill. Without Frankenstein, his proxy for a â€Å"father,† the creature is essentially alone in the world, an experience that ultimately turns him into the monster he appears to be. A scene from the 1931 film adaptation of Frankenstein.. Archive Photos / Getty Images There are multiple orphans in the novel. Both the Frankenstein family and the De Lacey family take in outsiders (Elizabeth and Safie respectively) to love as their own. But these characters are markedly dissimilar to the creature, as they are both nurturing, matriarchal figures to fill in for the absence of mothers. Family may be the primary source for love, and a powerful source for purpose in life at odds with the ambition for scientific knowledge, but it is nevertheless presented as a dynamic in conflict. Throughout the novel, family is an entity fraught with the potential for loss, suffering, and hostility. The Frankenstein family is torn apart by revenge and ambition, and even the idyllic De Lacey family is marked by poverty, the absence of a mother, and a lack of compassion as they turn the creature away. Shelley presents family as an important means for love and purpose, but she also depicts the familial bond as complicated and perhaps impossible to achieve. Nature and the Sublime The tension between the pursuit of knowledge and the pursuit of belonging play out against the background of sublime nature. The sublime is an aesthetic, literary and philosophical concept of the Romantic period that encapsulates the experience of awe in the face of the natural world’s extreme beauty and greatness. The novel opens with Walton’s expedition to the North Pole, then moves through the mountains of Europe with the narratives of Frankenstein and the creature. These desolate landscapes mirror the problems of human life. Frankenstein climbs Montanvert as a way to clear his mind and minimize his human sorrows. The monster runs to the mountains and glaciers as refuge from civilization and all its human fallibilities, which cannot accept him for his faà §ade. Nature is also presented as the ultimate wielder of life and death, greater even than Frankenstein and his discoveries. Nature is what ultimately kills both Frankenstein and his creature as they chase after one another further into the icy wilderness. The sublime uninhabited terrains, of equal beauty and terror, frame the novel’s confrontations with humanity so that they underline the vastness of the human soul. Symbolism of Light One of the most important symbols in the novel is light. Light is tied to the theme of knowledge as enlightenment, as both Captain Walton and Frankenstein search for illumination in their scientific pursuits. The creature, by contrast, is doomed to spend much of his life in darkness, able to walk around only at night so that he may hide from humans. The idea of light as a symbol for knowledge also refers back to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, in which darkness symbolizes ignorance and the sun symbolizes truth. The symbolism of light arises when the creature burns himself in the embers of an abandoned campfire. In this instance, fire is both a source of comfort and danger, and it brings the creature closer to the contradictions of civilization. This use of fire links the novel with the myth of Prometheus: Prometheus stole fire from the gods to aid in humankind’s advancement, but was eternally punished by Zeus for his actions. Frankenstein similarly took a kind of ‘fire’ for himself, by harnessing a power not otherwise known to mankind, and is forced to repent for his actions. Throughout the novel, light refers to knowledge and power and weaves in myths and allegories to make these concepts more complex- calling into question whether enlightenment for humankind is possible to achieve, and whether or not it should even be pursued. Symbolism of Texts The novel is filled with texts, as sources of communication, truth, and education, and as a testament to human nature. Letters were a ubiquitous source of communication during the 19th century, and in the novel, they are used to express innermost feelings. For example, Elizabeth and Frankenstein confess their love for one another through letters. Letters are also used as proof, as when the creature copies Safie’s letters explaining her situation, in order to validate his tale to Frankenstein. Books also play an important role in the novel, as the origin of the creature’s understanding of the world. Through reading Paradise Lost, Plutarch’s Lives and the Sorrows of Werter, he learns to understand the De Lacey’s and becomes articulate himself. But these texts also teach him how to sympathize with others, as he realizes his own thoughts and feelings through the characters in the books. Likewise, in Frankenstein, texts are able to portray the more intimate, emotional truths of the characters in ways that other forms of communication and knowledge cannot. The Epistolary Form Letters are also important to the novels structure. Frankenstein is constructed as a nest of stories told in epistolary form. (An epistolary novel is one told through fictional documents, such as letters, diary entries, or newspaper clippings.) The novel opens with Walton’s letters to his sister and later includes the first-person accounts of Frankenstein and the creature. Because of this format, the reader is privy to the thoughts and emotions of each individual character, and is able to sympathize with each one. That sympathy extends even to the creature, with whom none of the characters within the book sympathize. In this way, Frankenstein as a whole serves to demonstrate the power of narration, because the reader is able to develop sympathy for the monster through his first-person storytelling.